What is the definition of empirical validity?

The correct response is that empirical validity refers to how a test correlates with another established measure. This relationship is crucial for determining how well a new test measures what it purports to assess based on existing benchmarks or standards. This kind of validity is often examined through statistical measures like correlation coefficients, where a high correlation indicates that the new test successfully aligns with the established measure.

This connection is what makes empirical validity a key factor in validating assessments, as it involves real-world data and observed relationships rather than theoretical constructs. By understanding empirical validity, educators can ensure that their assessments provide meaningful and accurate reflections of student knowledge and skill in relation to other assessments.

The other definitions indicate important aspects of test validity but do not capture the specific concept of empirical validity. For instance, the notion of a test's ability to accurately measure what it's intended to captures construct validity but not the relational aspect of empirical validity. Cohesion between test questions and learning objectives refers to alignment but again does not relate to how well it correlates with known measures. Lastly, fairness to diverse populations highlights issues regarding bias and equitable treatment but does not focus specifically on empirical relationships.