Which assessment method focuses on comparing student performance to a benchmark?

The assessment method that emphasizes comparing student performance to a benchmark is summative assessment. Summative assessments are typically conducted at the end of an instructional unit or course and are used to evaluate and measure student learning against a defined set of standards or criteria. This approach allows educators to determine whether students have achieved the learning objectives outlined in the curriculum.

By assessing learners' performance in relation to a benchmark, educators can identify the degree of mastery of the material and make informed decisions about future instruction, curriculum effectiveness, and educational outcomes. Summative assessments can include standardized tests, final projects, or end-of-term exams. This contrasts with other methods, such as peer assessment and self-assessment, which focus more on individual reflection and collaborative feedback rather than direct comparison to established standards. Formative assessment, on the other hand, is more about monitoring student learning and providing ongoing feedback during the learning process rather than at the conclusion.