Which of the following emphasizes the importance of language in cognitive processes?

The Critical Period Hypothesis emphasizes the importance of language in cognitive processes by suggesting that there is a specific window during which language acquisition occurs most naturally and effectively. This hypothesis posits that if a person does not learn a language during this critical period, which is typically in early childhood, the ability to acquire language and develop cognitive skills related to it may be significantly diminished. This implies that language learning is closely intertwined with cognitive development, thereby highlighting the essential role that language plays in shaping thought processes, understanding, and communication.

In contrast, Cultural Universalism focuses on the idea that certain cultural traits are common and can be understood universally, which does not directly address the cognitive aspects of language. Assimilation refers to the process in which individuals or groups adopt the cultural traits of another group, often losing their original cultural identity, rather than emphasizing language's cognitive functions. Transculturation involves the process by which different cultures influence one another, which, while related to language, does not specifically highlight the cognitive processes tied to language learning and acquisition.