Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria for determining the effectiveness of ELL programs as per Lau v. Nichols?

In the context of Lau v. Nichols, the criteria for determining the effectiveness of English Language Learner (ELL) programs focus on how well the programs address the educational needs of students who are not proficient in English. The criteria that are typically included are recognized pedagogical theory, effective implementation with adequate resources, and measurable results that demonstrate students' ability to overcome language barriers.

The criteria of student involvement in program design is not outlined in this landmark case. While it may be beneficial for programs to consider student input, the essential legal criteria established in Lau v. Nichols center around the effectiveness of instruction and the educational outcomes for ELL students, rather than their involvement in how the program is structured. This emphasizes the importance of focusing on evidence-based practices and results instead of student participation in the design phase. Thus, the option regarding student involvement does not align with the legal considerations highlighted in the case.