Which term describes the way in which speech sounds form patterns?

The term that describes the way in which speech sounds form patterns is phonology. Phonology focuses on the abstract, systematic nature of how sounds function within a particular language or languages. It studies the rules and patterns that govern sound systems, including how sounds can combine, how they can change in different contexts, and how they contribute to meaning.

In contrast, phonetics deals with the physical properties of sounds, such as how they are produced and perceived, without delving into their abstract organization. Syntax refers to the rules that dictate sentence structure and word order in a language, while semantics pertains to meaning in language and how meaning is constructed from words and sentences. Understanding phonology is essential for analyzing how distinct sounds create patterns that are crucial for effective communication within a language.